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最新的 NVIDIA-Certified Associate NCA-GENM 免費考試真題 (Q390-Q395):
問題 #390
You are tasked with building a Generative A1 model to generate realistic images of outdoor scenes. The training dataset contains a large number of images with varying lighting conditions, weather conditions, and object compositions. Which data augmentation techniques would be MOST effective in improving the model's robustness and generalization ability?
- A. Random cropping and resizing.
- B. Vertical flipping only
- C. Horizontal flipping only.
- D. Applying a fixed rotation of 90 degrees to all images.
- E. Color jittering (brightness, contrast, saturation, hue), adding Gaussian noise, and random perspective transformations.
答案:E
解題說明:
Color jittering, adding Gaussian noise, and random perspective transformations simulate variations in lighting, noise, and camera angles, making the model more robust to different real-world scenarios. Random cropping and resizing are also helpful, but less impactful than changes in the color space and noise. Horizontal flipping can be useful but is limited. A fixed rotation or Vertical flipping is not a general augmentation and might harm the model's performance.
問題 #391
You have developed a multimodal model that uses both audio and video data to detect human emotions. During testing, you observe that the model performs exceptionally well on controlled lab recordings but poorly in real-world scenarios with background noise and varying lighting conditions. What technique would be MOST effective in improving the model's generalization ability to real-world data?
- A. Replacing the audio input with text transcripts.
- B. Reducing the model's complexity to prevent overfitting to the lab recordings.
- C. Data augmentation techniques such as adding noise to the audio, simulating different lighting conditions for the video, and using transfer learning from pre- trained audio and video models.
- D. Increasing the amount of data from lab recordings.
- E. Training separate models for lab recordings and real-world data.
答案:C
解題說明:
Data augmentation is the most effective way to improve a model's generalization ability to real-world data. By adding noise to the audio, simulating different lighting conditions for the video, we can create a more diverse training dataset that is more representative of the real world. Also leveraging pre-trained audio and video models helps to leverage the knowledge learned on large datasets.
問題 #392
You are building a system that takes an image of a scene and a short audio clip as input and generates a descriptive text. You want to evaluate the system's performance. Which of the following evaluation metrics are MOST suitable for assessing both the accuracy and the coherence of the generated descriptions in relation to the input image and audio?
- A. BLEU score, ROUGE score
- B. BLEU score, CIDEr, SPICE
- C. Perplexity, Word Error Rate (WER)
- D. CIDEr, SPICE
- E. Inception Score (IS), Frechet Inception Distance (FID)
答案:B
解題說明:
BLEU, CIDEr, and SPICE are all suitable for evaluating image captioning and similar generative tasks. BLEU measures the n-gram overlap between the generated text and reference texts. CIDEr specifically focuses on consensus-based image description evaluation, weighting n-grams that are more common among human-generated captions. SPICE focuses on semantic propositional content and captures object, attribute, and relationship triples. ROUGE focuses on recall, but the other 3 provide the best overall picture. Perplexity and WER are more suitable for language models, and Inception Score and FID are used for evaluating the quality of generated images.
問題 #393
Consider the following code snippet used in training a multimodal model:
During experimentation, you discover that the image modality contributes negligibly to the final prediction. How would you modify the training loop to dynamically adjust the importance of each modality?
- A. Apply a fixed weight to the image features before feeding them into the model.
- B. Introduce a modality dropout mechanism that randomly drops either the image or text modality during each training iteration.
- C. Compute modality-specific gradients and apply a scaling factor to the image gradients based on their magnitude relative to the text gradients.
- D. Implement a separate loss function for the image modality and adjust its weight based on validation performance.
- E. Use a curriculum learning approach where the model is initially trained only on the text modality, and the image modality is gradually introduced.
答案:C
解題說明:
Dynamically scaling gradients based on their magnitude allows the model to automatically adjust the importance of each modality during training. If the image gradients are small compared to the text gradients, the scaling factor will increase their influence, encouraging the model to learn from the image modality. Modality dropout is helpful, however gradient scaling provides finer control.
問題 #394
Which of the following are potential benefits of using multi-modal learning compared to single-modal learning? (Select all that apply)
- A. Increased computational complexity and data requirements.
- B. Reduced risk of overfitting to spurious correlations in a single modality.
- C. The ability to learn more comprehensive and nuanced representations.
- D. Improved robustness to noisy or incomplete data.
- E. Guaranteed higher accuracy across all tasks.
答案:B,C,D
解題說明:
Multi-modal learning leverages the complementary information from different modalities to enhance performance. (A) It improves robustness because if one modality is noisy or missing, the others can still provide useful information. (B) It learns more comprehensive representations by integrating information across modalities. (D) It reduces overfitting by leveraging information from multiple sources. (C) is correct but not a benefit. (E) is incorrect as higher accuracy is not guaranteed, depending on data and task.
問題 #395
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